Selasa, 29 November 2011

Pengertian Komunikasi

Kata atau istilah komunikasi (dari bahasa Inggris “communication”),secara etimologis atau menurut asal katanya adalah dari bahasa Latin communicatus, dan perkataan ini bersumber pada kata communis Dalam kata communis ini memiliki makna ‘berbagi’ atau ‘menjadi milik bersama’ yaitu suatu usaha yang memiliki tujuan untuk kebersamaan atau kesamaan makna.

Komunikasi secara terminologis merujuk pada adanya proses penyampaian suatu pernyataan oleh seseorang kepada orang lain. Jadi dalam pengertian ini yang terlibat dalam komunikasi adalah manusia. Karena itu merujuk pada pengertian Ruben dan Steward(1998:16) mengenai komunikasi manusia yaitu:

Human communication is the process through which individuals –in relationships, group, organizations and societies—respond to and create messages to adapt to the environment and one another. Bahwa komunikasi manusia adalah proses yang melibatkan individu-individu dalam suatu hubungan, kelompok, organisasi dan masyarakat yang merespon dan menciptakan pesan untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan satu sama lain.

Untuk memahami pengertian komunikasi tersebut sehingga dapat dilancarkan secara efektif dalam Effendy(1994:10) bahwa para peminat komunikasi sering kali mengutip paradigma yang dikemukakan oleh Harold Lasswell dalam karyanya, The Structure and Function of Communication in Society. Lasswell mengatakan bahwa cara yang baik untuk untuk menjelaskan komunikasi ialah dengan menjawab pertanyaan sebagai berikut: Who Says What In Which Channel To Whom With What Effect?

Paradigma Lasswell di atas menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi meliputi lima unsur sebagai jawaban dari pertanyaan yang diajukan itu,yaitu:

  1. Komunikator (siapa yang mengatakan?)

  2. Pesan (mengatakan apa?)

  3. Media (melalui saluran/ channel/media apa?)

  4. Komunikan (kepada siapa?)

  5. Efek (dengan dampak/efek apa?).


Jadi berdasarkan paradigma Lasswell tersebut, secara sederhana proses komunikasi adalah pihak komunikator membentuk (encode) pesan dan menyampaikannya melalui suatu saluran tertentu kepada pihak penerima yang menimbulkan efek tertentu.

Sumber: Mulyana, Deddy. 2001. Ilmu Komunikasi: Suatu Pengantar. Bandung: Rosda Karya. (www.adiprakosa.com)

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